Art, Cultural Space and the Cultural Studies

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Preface Relations between a Study of Korean Cultural Spaces and the Dongsoong Art Center Preface Art, Cultural Space and the Cultural Studies This book concerns the study of Korean cultural spaces and its relationship to the Dongsoong Art Center. The book aims to provide a historical perspective of Korean cultural spaces and in the process also attempts to elucidate their existence as it relates to our current cultural spaces. Firstly, in an attempt to classify Korean cultural spaces chronologically from ancient time over medieval times to the present day, this book examines their backgrounds and functions by establishing representative cultural spaces for each period. During ancient times, people in power usually used the cultural space as an environment in which to represent their authority and to impress and subdue their followers with this authority. During medieval times the cultural space was used as a space for sharing the authority of a king with the authority of the religion. During the era of the Goryeo Kingdom, as the authority of a king was commensurate with the religious authority of Buddhism, cultural spaces were employed as “theaters” in which to display the authority of a king through religious ceremonies and practices. With the birth of the modern age, the concept of cultural spaces, which can be divided into two broad notions, began to progress: one, as has just been made clear, was the concept of representing the authority of the nation and its leaders; the other, however, views these spaces as kinds of cultural representation for grassroots society. The latter of the two is clearly similar to the current notion of cultural spaces. People would capitalize on a specific space not only to satirize the society of the nobility but also to make cynical remarks about the authority of a king. As they did not benefit from the specific spaces which the people in power had enjoyed, they utilized any available large spaces to express their opinions. The cultural activities held at such spaces were called ‘Madang nori’. People who sympathized with the performers took part in these cultural activities. With the modern age, a concept of cultural space quite different from that of an earlier age began to take root. Previously, there had been a distinction between those who created culture and those who accepted it. Later, however, a concept involving a specific space for cultural performance came into being. As regards Korea, such a concept evolved during the Japanese colonial period in particular. A specific space called a 'theater' in which plays could be performed and movies shown began to appear. People became the audience, handing over their money to see a performance. By doing so, they took their place as spectators to appreciate a play or a movie. And so the idea that a cultural space could be used to represent the symbol of authority and its consciousness disappeared during the modern age. Furthermore, the concept of a cultural space as a stage for religious rites and practices also disappeared, along with the hosting of banquets and other such entertainments. Instead, as people gathered at a specific space and paid certain fees, the space began to evolve into an arena of ‘entertainment’ for the enjoyment of a specific cultural genre. At the same time, the concept of ‘a common play space’ in which people and performers alike could share play and emotion, like the Madang nori during the Joseon Dynasty, began to disappear. We have to go to a cinema house to watch a movie, a theater to watch a play, or visit a specific performance hall to see a dance and a ballet, and we have to go to a concert hall to appreciate a singer's recital. In such a case, in order to accept a specific cultural genre we have to visit a specific performance hall, which is accordingly designed to stage the performance of a specific cultural genre. Cinema houses, theaters, opera houses, concert halls an…

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