A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian Literature

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An Introduction to the Lexicon of the Greek New Testament Walter Bauer [The translation by W.F. Arndt and F.W.Gingrich of Walter Bauer's essay and notes is here reproduced without comment from the second English edition, but with a few formal alterations relating especially to abbreviations and addition in brackets of classification in BDAG. The timeless value of much of the essay will be apparent to discerning readers, who will form their own judgments from a comparison of Bauer's data with developments in New Testament lexicography since publication of this remarkable essay. -F.W.D] The second edition of the Griechisch-deutsches Worterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen Testaments und der ubrigen urchristlichen Literatur of 1928, which reached its fourth edition in 1952, contained in its opening pages a short 'introduction' to its use. The exigencies of space and the desire to keep the price of the book as reasonable as possible caused the omission of these pages in later editions. This was deplored by certain scholars whose judgment on the lexicon was favorable, among them A. Deissmann in the Deutsche Literaturzeitung(1937), p.520. Their ranks were joined by A. Fridrichsen, the editor of the series 'Coniectanea Neotestamentica,' who declared himself ready to give the introduction a new home in his series. The publishers also gave their consent, for which they deserve our gratitude. Accordingly, it is here presented once more, with some corrections and a supplement. The earliest Christian literature, with which this book deals, is made up of a number of writings which were composed in the Greek language. It is not the Greek of more ancient times, least of all that of the Golden Age of Athens which is now taught in the institutions of higher learning and occupies the most prominent place in the dictionaries used in them. A comparison reveals, on the contrary, differences in phonology and morphology, in syntax and style, and, not least of all, in the vocabulary as well. These divergences are too plain to have remained unnoticed. When in the seventeenth century the learned controversy about the purity of New Testament Greek arose, the so-called 'Hebraists' tried to explain the peculiarities of this Greek as due to the influence of the Hebrew. Although they shot wide of the mark in some of their conclusions, their recognition of the special character of the New Testament language constituted a strong impetus in the right direction, when compared with the conception of their opponents, the 'purists,' whose attempt to demonstrate that the Holy Spirit inspired the New Testament writers with as fine and pure a Greek as any classical author ever wrote could not maintain itself indefinitely.

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