Transformation of the U.S.-Japan alliance and South Korea's security strategy

책 소개

With the advent of the post?cold war period, the U.S.?Japan alliance was characterized by the policy of drift without a new common goal. The United States has increased its pressure on Japan to further open its market. And there has been a growing voice among the Japanese people arguing that the U.S.?Japan national security system which is a “legacy of the Cold War” is no longer necessary. They suggested that Japan should strengthen its national security through multilateral?based security cooperation. The issue of abolishing the alliance was also raised by the United States. Those who argued for the abolition of the alliance in the United States referred to the asymmetry of national security, arguing that America has guaranteed the security of Japan but Japan has not actively met the requirements of national security from America. Yet as the North Korean nuclear issue and tensions between China and Taiwan newly emerged as threats in the region, the U.S. and Japan have felt the necessity of revamping the alliance. The U.S. Defense Department announced on February 1995 the East Asia Strategy Report (EASR), which provides the U.S. security strategy for the East Asia?Pacific region. It reaffirms Washington’s policy of continuing to keep one?hundred thousand soldiers in the region and play a leading role as both a balancer and honest broker. This report is often called “The Nye Report,” because Joseph S. Nye, then assistant secretary of defense, played a crucial role in making this report between the two countries. According to the report, the U.S.?Japan alliance is the core element of the U.S.’s strategies toward Northeast Asia and thus, the alliance is very important not only for the mutual relationship between the two countries but for the stability of the whole Asia?Pacific. The Nye Report is a starting point in redefining the U.S.?Japan alliance in that it applies to the broader Asia?Pacific region instead of being limited to Far East Asia as the primary focus of the alliance. On April 17, 1996, U.S. President Bill Clinton visited Tokyo to hold a summit meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto. They announced the U.S.?Japan Joint Declaration on Security?Alliance for the 21st Century. The declaration emphasized on collaboration for defense cooperation in East Asia and stability and peace in the Asia?Pacific region. However, the Clinton administration, which put priority on economic recovery, promoted its East Asian policies with greater weight on the improvement of the U.S.?China relationship than the defense alliance of United States and Japan. Since the George W. Bush administration began in 2001, the U.S. highlighted the importance of the U.S.?Japan alliance. The newly inaugurated Koizumi government at the time also supported anti?terrorism and the global strategy of the United States and strengthened the mutual alliance more than ever before.

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