"Sailing Sanctions"
Joanna Hosaniak (지은이), Ji-yoon Lee (지은이), Bitna Kim (지은이)
생명과 인권·2026-06-30
- 68쪽
- 170×255mm
- 사회과학
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책 소개
"Sailing Sanctions: Minerals from North Korea's Forced Labor Mines and Maritime Trade Expansion with China and Russia" investigates the continued expansion of North Korea's coal and mineral exports despite international sanctions. Combining satellite imagery, maritime data analysis, witness testimony, and open-source intelligence, the book reveals how forced labor in North Korea's mining sector is linked to maritime sanctions evasion, military financing, and global supply chains. The study documents how coal and mineral exports generated through forced labor support North Korea's military and security institutions, finance weapons development, and reinforce systems responsible for crimes against humanity. It also examines the growing role of China and Russia in enabling these trade networks and argues that North Korea's mineral exports should be understood not only as a sanctions issue, but as an interconnected challenge involving human rights, economic security, and international peace.
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Executive Summary Implications Recommendations I. The Ministry of National Defense's Coal Export Monopoly - Background and Structure - Companies Affiliated with the Ministry of National Defense II. Structural Factors Behind the Recovery of Coal and Mineral Exports Despite Sanctions - A Sanctions-Evasion Network Built on Deepening North Korea-China-Russia Cooperation - Fund Management and Goods Imports through Chinese Banks - Coal Export Contracts with China and the Sanctions-Evasion Payment Structure - Smuggling Routes and Transportation Methods III. The Connection Between Coal and Mineral Production and Forced Labor - Production Geography - A Pyramid Structure Built on Forced Labor - Political Prisoners Labor: Kaecheon, Bukchang, and Camp No. 18 - Hereditary Forced Labor Among Unrepatriated POW Families - Military Mobilization as Forced Labor and Export of Minerals and Weapons - Forcible Transfers of Civilian Population: Reallocation, Not Reform IV. Maritime Trade and Evasion of Sanctions Analysis (Data Desk) V. Database of High-Risk Vessels Violating North Korean Sanctions Glossary References
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