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preface In today' world, it is difficult to find books that introduce Koreans or Korean culture in great detail. However, as Korea continues to develop into an international economic super-power, more and more foreigners are increasing-ly focusing their interest on the country. In spite of their interest, it is difficult to find an in-depth book about the Korean culture. This book was written in response to this great demand. This book, however, does not cover all aspects of Korean culture, because it is impossible for one person to do so. Therefore, I approach Korean culture from the limited perspectives of religion and arts. I believe that religion and arts are the essence of a culture. The former repre-sents a culture well because it dictates peoples� principles and morals. The latter is also impor-tant for understanding a culture because it is the truest expression of human feelings. Chapter 1 of this book deals with the question: Who is Koreans? It is mainly concerned with the social characteristics of Koreans and the influ-ence of Confucianism on their social relation-ships. In Chapter 2, I attempt to view Korean culture from a general perspective. Here, I divide Korean culture into two conflicting principles, as seen in the 'pirit of ecstasy� an d the 'spirit of literature� . Korean culture is an alloy of these two principles. Chapter 3 deals with Korean arts. Because Korea has a very long history, it is impossible to introduce its complicated arts fully in a short chapter. Here, we will look at the arts of the late Joseon Dynasty, which still has an impact in contemporary society, through the idea of spon-taneity. Lastly, in Chapter 4, we will observe contemporary Korean religions. With regard to religion, Korea is a very interesting country. Although Buddhism, Confucianism, Shaman-ism, and other native religions have been passed down for thousands of years, Christian-ity, which was introduced to Korea only some two hundred years ago, has become the dominant religion. In this chapter, we will observe how these religions dynamically form the religious mind-set of the Koreans. My wish is for people who have an interest in Korean culture to achieve a general understand-ing through this book. In addition, I hope this book will become a catalyst for further research on Korean culture. This book will be included in the Korea Story Series published by HER ONE MEDIA. I thank Professor Eunsil Yu who finalized the publication of this book and Chief Editor Shin Young-mi. I also express my gratitude to Profes-sor Steven Capner for his supervision. Finally, I would like to thank Su-min Chung, a student at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and Yo-tam Yoon, a student at the Uni-versity of Notre Dame, for their help in transla-ting the book.
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Contents Preface �U4 Understanding Behavioral Patterns of Koreans from the Perspective of Confucianism�U11 Introduction�U12 1. The Rise of Confucianism during the Joseon Dynasty�U14 2. Confucian Imprints in the Socio-Cultural Patterns of Koreans�U18 3. Korea as a Patriarchal Collectivistic Society�U22 Conclusion�U44 Understanding Korean Culture Through Some Principles�U49 Introduction�U50 1. The Korean Emphasis of the Literary: the ‘Spirit of Literature’�U52 Hunminjeongeum�U52 The World’s First Book Printed by Metal Type, Jikji�U58 The World’s Oldest Chinese Buddhist Scriptures, the Tripitaka Koreana�U60 Strong Determination to Record Historic Events, the Sillok and Ilgi�U62 2. The Dynamism of Modern Day Koreans: The ‘Spirit of Ecstasy’�U70 The Unexpected Korean Wave�U72 Korean’s Success in Popular Music and Movies�U79 Successful Korean’s On-line�U85 The Heart of Korea’s Dynamism: Dongdaemun Fashion Market�U88 Crazed Red Devils�U91 Epilogue�U97 Understanding Korean Traditional Arts Through the Spirit of Spontaneity�U99 Introduction�U100 1. The Formation of the concept of ‘Korean traditional beauty’�U 104 2.. The Ethos of Spontaneity in Art Works of the Late Joseon Period�U108 3. Various Types of Representation of Spontaneity in Korean Arts�U 113 Spontaneity in Performing Arts�U113 Spontaneity in Fine Arts�U123 Spontaneity in Formative Arts�U144 Conclusion�U163 Understanding the Religions of Contemporary Korea�U 165 Introduction�U166 1. Why is the Korean Religious Field so Unique?�U176 2. Christianity: New Conqueror of the Korean Religious World�U180 3. Confucianism: The Most Influential Religion in Korean Daily Life�U 192 4. Buddhism: The Center of Korean Religious Culture�U204 5. Shamanism : Root of Korean Culture�U217 Conclusion�U230
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