Jade Culture of the Dongyi東夷 tribe through the Black skin jade

책 소개

Introduction Beginning to receive the attention of the international community around both countries of Korea and China in the 21st century, Black skin jade黑皮玉 Culture is considered to be the same as Hóngshān紅山 Culture or the part of Pan Hóngshān汎紅山 Culture in some cases because it not only has apparently exactly the same form as Jadeware such as yùlóng玉龍 (C-shaped dragon), jade earrings (玉玦), sun god (太陽神), jade bird (玉鳥), gōuyún-type jade jewelry (勾雲形玉佩) etc. which are the representative artifacts of Hóngshān Culture but has in common in terms of jade materials called Xiuyanyù岫岩玉. And it is true that not only a series of jade carving forms such as yùlóng玉龍, jade earrings (玉玦) etc. which are representative jadeware had a certain social order with the common formative production format but the society at that time represents the emergence of the early ancient country characterized by status discrimination with jade as the peak and occurrence of political power. Recently, as for the Neolithic Age jade culture territory around the Northeastern region of China, the jade culture of the Neolithic Age developed around the Liáo-hé遼河 region is the independent culture that existed as a historical entity in a certain area for at least 5000 years enough for a Chinese professor Sūbǐngqí蘇秉琦 said in his book «Zhōngguówénmíngqǐyuánxīntàn中國文明起源新探», “The discovery of Yànshān燕山 Northsouthern District, “Língyuán凌源-Jiànpíng建平-Kāzuǒ喀左” small triangular area over a period of about 5000 years from Cháhǎi査海, Xīnglóngwā興隆窪-Zhàobǎogōu趙宝溝 type of 8000 years ago to Yànxiàdū燕下都 of about 2000 years ago made us watch it carefully and it had an impact on two major challenges in this Chinese history about uninterrupted continuous mystery and trajectory of five thousand years of Chinese civilization, how was a Chinese unified multi-ethnic country formed.” In particular, the fact is that the argument about ‘ZhōngguótǒngyīduōmínzúGuójiā中國統一多民族國家’ among this arguments indirectly reveals they were other ethnic groups not the Chinese nation in the past although of course, currently some minorities in the unified Chinese society. In addition, it is no wonder Neolithic jade culture for the northeastern area of current China is historically important because it corresponds to a great turning point when an ancient country appears for the first time in Northeast Asia enough for most historians or archaeologists in China, Korea and Japan to recognize that the civilized and social stage of Hóngshān Culture is ‘the original form of an ancient country or Chúxíng雛形 (miniature) of an ancient country. With respect to the appearance of the Jadeware society including Hóngshān Culture, a Korean professor Lee, Hyeong-gu said, “The emergence making of Jadeware has a huge meaning. It means the opening of a so called theocratical society where a monopolist communicating with the heavens rules an ancient country and specialization is made and social position class occurs in the process of monopolizing and producing Jadeware. It is Dōngyí東夷 Tribe who created it. Furthermore, Jadeware artifacts were discovered in large quantities along with other artifacts of the Dōngyí Tribe line such as Stone Mound Tomb, Comb-pattern Pottery, Mandolin-shaped bronze dagger, (Mirror of the early Iron Age) etc. in the Hóngshān Culture Area of Inner Mongolia and Liáo-hé Region and a variety of Jadeware was excavated including jade earrings (玉玦), Yùzhūlóng玉猪龍 (Pig shape jade dragon), Yùbì玉璧 (jade disk with a hole in the center), Yùhuán玉環 (jade ring), Yùpèi玉佩(jade jewelry), Yuguī玉龜 (jade turtle), Mandolin-shaped jade dagger etc. which are representative Jadeware of Hóngshān Culture along with altar, Nǚshénmiào女神廟 (Goddess grave), Stone Mound Tomb group etc. especially in the Niúhéliáng牛河梁 historic site excavated in the 1980s.” («Jīngxiāngxīnwén京鄕新聞» 2007,12,14, Korea). The humankind in the Neolithic Age believed that a bird is a device moving the spirit to the gods of heaven after a man dies as an envoy wh…

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