Circuit Mechanics

책 소개

Preface This is the era of VLSI which turns into ULSI and SoC integrating billions of devices on the surface of single chip. The advance of technology makes possible, for example in MOS technology, shrinking into a few tens of nano-meter device size. However, even with the major thrust toward the highly information oriented society which will not be realizable without the support of VLSI, some basic details of currently used VLSI devices remain overlooked and need to be established more clearly. In that sense, this book presents a new perspective regarding the basic circuit properties of VLSI devices. As early as 1993, there were interesting observations made by authors regarding DC properties in semiconductor FET and BJT digital circuits. These findings were considered anomalous at the time of discovery. The anomalies arise from the latency of the circuit represented by the turn on or threshold voltage. The properties have been left unexplained before but it is now clear that they are not the anomalies but rather the regular features in semiconductor digital circuits operating as cascaded logic gates in the connected environment. For instance, the DC transfer and transient characteristics of digital and analog circuits using MOS, bipolar and GaAs devices, presented a challenge and have been studied extensively by the authors. Initial researches mainly dealt with these characteristics and presented new insights for these characteristics, i.e., the steepening effect in DC characteristics and the dynamic effects in transient characteristics, occurring when a collection of digital gates are cascaded. These were seen in circuit analysis simulations and could be verified in the experiments. It was indeed seen that the current researches in academia and industries have been focusing primarily on the single or stand-alone circuits and there exists much wider realm for researches in the circuits when they are treated in connected configuration. This book is intended to serve as an introduction to a newly established subject in the overlapping area of physics and electrical engineering called circuit mechanics. This book is the result of research efforts by the authors from as early as 1993. It was soon found that the properties of circuits present themselves very well in the context of classical mechanics. The ideas and conceptions which were vague and exotic at the initial stage of research are now given organized views and clear explanations. It was also noted that viewpoints of modern physics, e.g., quantum mechanics also nicely explains the properties. There were continuing efforts to figure out this unforeseen area of physics, which is now beginning to take shape as a new branch of mechanics. At present, this is on a solid foundation where the theories of circuits are given new insights from classical and modern physics. It is certain that this mechanics can be a subject of fruitful studies in future to the researchers of both physics and electrical engineering. Basically the physics working in circuits are explored in two viewpoints. One is the Fermi-Dirac statistics applied to the abrupt nature of device currents. This topic was presented as a postulate but in this book, readers can find more ascertaining evidence, the transconductance cascading, which originates from the inherent and unavoidable nature of cascaded stages. The other is the introduction of Newtonian mechanics to circuits. In the previous edition of this book, there was an initial discussion regarding several important relationships between variables in circuit theory and Newtonian mechanics. It was shown that there exist one to one correspondence pairs between circuit theory and mechanics. For instance, it was shown that the voltage in circuits corresponds to the position in mechanics. One extension of this finding was that the current in circuits corresponds to the momentum in mechanics. The concept of circuit force and circuit acceleration was accordingly deve…

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