Transnational abuse & exploitation
[authors: Joseph Lee, Moritz Nicolas Vogt, Emily Lew, Samuel Robertson], [translators: Hyunjin An, Hyo Jung Amy Cha, Yein Pyo, So Dam Hong, Hey Rim Grace Ha, Jihyun Jenny Lee, Suyoung Yang, Jeong Bin Lee, Young Hyun Kim, Yeon Jung Gu, Hyo Jung Sim]
People for Successful Corean Reunification·2016-01-01
- 57쪽
- 148×210mm
- 사회과학
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In 2014, the Commission of Inquiry (COI) on human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) - established during the 22nd session of the United Nations Human Rights Council in March 2013 - released a groundbreaking report about the atrocious state of human rights within the DPRK (hereafter North Korea). The country’s system of highly regimented life and massive network of surveillance and political prison camps, designed to ensure compliance, are widely discussed within the report1. However, one aspect of the state’s exploitation of its citizens not mentioned is North Korea’s export of labour. As increasingly stringent sanctions continue to isolate North Korea politically and economically, the Kim regime has had to pursue unorthodox methods for securing the foreign currency necessary to prop up the country’s dysfunctional economy. One of the most successful of these ventures has been sending North Korean citizens to work in foreign territories. This export of labor began in 1967 as a bilateral trade agreement between North Korea and the Soviet Union. Logging camps were established in the Russian Far East employing North Korean laborers as a means to pay off outstanding debt to the Soviet Union. Since its inception, North Korea’s labor export initiative has expanded into 16 known countries: Algeria, Angola, China, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Kuwait, Libya, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Oman, Poland, Qatar, Russia and the UAE. It is estimated that this outsourcing of labor brings in between 1.2-2.3 billion USD a year to the regime in Pyongyang
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Introduction ............................................................................. 8 Selection ...................................................................................12 Wages .......................................................................................15 Work Management Structure Abroad ..................................20 Working and Living Conditions..............................................26 Managing State Control Abroad..............................................30 Documentation Surveillance Ideological Education Resorting to Crime Imprisonment and Punishment Defection ................................................................................. 39 Process of Defection Problems Post-Defection Obligation of International Community ..............................45 Conclusion ...............................................................................49 Suggested Measures Recommendations Appendix A................................................................................54 List of Russian Companies Employing NK labourers
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