책 소개
국가안보 또는 국방의 문제가 본질적으로는 자원의 효율적 배분과 관련된 경제문제라는 인식에서 출발했던 『평화통일 시대의 국방경제학』초판이 발행된 지 몇 년의 시간이 흘렀다. 그동안 국방정책과 관련된 국내·외 안보환경의 변화는 우리나라 국방 분야 전반에 많은 변화를 가져왔으며, 이에 새로운 내용들을 소개하고 기존 자료의 최신화를 통해 보완하고자 이번에 개정판을 내놓게 되었다. 냉전체제 해체 후에도 한반도는 여전히 남북한 간의 군사적 대결상황이 지속되고 있으며, 동북아 시아의 지정학적 특수성으로 인해 지역적 수준에서의 군비경쟁 문제 또한 존재한다. 이 같은 도전 요인들에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해서 현재 상당 수준의 국가 역량이 국방부분에 투입되고 있다. 앞으로는 안보 여건의 변화와 증대되고 있는 사회·복지 수요에 따라 현재보다 더욱 큰 예산제약 하에서 국방목표를 달성해야만 할 것으로 예상된다. 그런데도, 국가안보 또는 국방의 문제를 경제 학적 접근에 기반을 두어 이해·분석하려는 시도는 그리 많지 않은 것이 현실이다. 사실, 한정된 국가의 인적·물적 자원을 최적으로 결합하여 국가의 생존과 직결되는 가장 우선적 인 목표인 국가안보와 국방의 가치를 극대화하는 문제는 그 이면에 있어서 개별 경제주체인 가계. 기업, 정부가 그들의 제한된 자원을 유용하게 활용하여 더 큰 만족감을 얻으려는 경제문제와 차이 가 없다. 이러한 맥락에서 이번 개정판 역시 초판과 마찬가지로 사관생도와 군사학과 학생들은 물 론 국방 분야 정책부서 관계자, 현역 군 간부, 국가안보와 국방문제에 관심이 있는 일반 대학의 학 생들, 그리고 일반인들이 국방문제를 경제학적 관점에서 더욱 체계적으로 이해하는데 도움을 주고 자 최선을 다하였다. 특히, 이번 개정판에서는 기존 경제이론 및 국방경제 이론들에 대한 설명을 추 가하였으며, 국방비, 방위산업, 국방연구개발, 국방정책 등과 관련된 다양한 국방 이슈들도 최신 자료로 업데이트하여 독자들이 관련 이슈의 국내적 상황은 물론 글로벌 트렌드를 쉽게 이해하는데 도움을 주고자 노력하였다. 수년간 사관생도들에게 국방경제학을 가르치면서 국방경제학 분야에서 읽어볼 만한 책을 펴내기 위해 나름대로 노력하였지만, 여전히 미흡한 부분이 많이 있을 것으로 예상된다. 부족한 부분에 대 해서는 앞으로도 독자들의 의견과 조언을 들어 수정·보완해 나갈 것을 약속한다. 마지막으로 출 간·편집·교정 등 개정작업의 전 과정에서 수고를 아끼지 않으신 황금소나무 홍일석 사장님과 관 계자 여러분께도 진심으로 깊은 감사를 드린다. 2023년 2월 저자 일동
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제1절 국방과 경제 ·········································································································· 14 1. 국방의 개념 ··················································································································· 14 2. 경제·사회발전과 국방 ··································································································· 16 3. 경제문제로서의 국방 ···································································································· 19 제2절 국방과 자원배분에 대한 경제학적 접근······················································· 21 1. 공공재이론 ···················································································································· 21 1) 공공재의 개념과 특성 ································································································· 21 2) 공공재의 부가적 특성 ································································································· 22 3) 불완전한 공공재 ········································································································· 24 가) 요금재 ······················································································································ 24 나) 공유재 ······················································································································ 26 2. 공공재의 과소 공급과 정부의 시장개입 ········································································ 27 1) 공공재의 과소 공급 : 무임승차자 문제 ······································································· 27 2) 정부 시장개입의 당위성 : 시장의 실패 ······································································· 29 3) 시장실패의 유형 ········································································································· 31 가) 불완전경쟁 ··············································································································· 31 나) 공공재 ······················································································································· 33 다) 외부효과 ··················································································································· 36 라) 불완전한 정보 ··········································································································· 43 4) 정부개입의 장점과 한계······························································································ 44 3. 순수공공재로서의 국방 ································································································· 47 제3절 국방의 최적생산에 관한 경제학적 접근······················································· 49 1. 부분균형분석 ················································································································ 49 2. 일반균형분석 ················································································································ 52 제2장 국방비의 경제적 효과 제1절 국방비의 개념 및 중요성 ·················································································· 58 1. 국방비의 개념 ··············································································································· 58 2. 국방비의 중요성 ············································································································ 59 평화통일 시대의 국방경제학 제2절 국방비 지출에 대한 경제학적 견해 ······························································· 60 1. 고전학파 : 부정론 ·········································································································· 61 2. 케인즈학파 : 긍정론 ······································································································ 65 제3절 국방비의 국민경제 파급효과 ·········································································· 67 1. 국방비의 경제적 영향에 관한 실증연구 ········································································ 67 2. 수요 측면의 국방비 파급효과························································································ 69 1) 생산유발 및 부가가치유발 효과·················································································· 69 2) 수요창출 효과 ·············································…
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